Human communication / low-level reference

The Bandwidth of Language: a kernel-level map

Break human communication down the way you would a running system. Each facet is a place an idea is encoded, from the wire up to meaning in context, across every modality. Hover any underlined facet to inspect it; click to pin.

theme

channel

  • Underspecified notation (oral completion)amodalopen
  • Talking drumsspeechopen
  • Whistled speechspeechopen
  • Character entropy (zeroth order)writingdone
  • Conditional (n-gram) entropywritingdone
  • Decipherment recoverabilitywritingopen
  • Grapheme countwritingdone
  • Orthography-to-tokenizer bridgewritingopen
  • Subword fertilitywritingdone
  • Symbol-inventory sizewritingdone
  • Token-to-Information Ratio (tokenizer tax)writingdone
  • UTF-8 byte sizewritingdone
  • Word segmentation / spacingwritinghard
  • Writing-system typewritinghard
  • Music notation systemmusicopen
  • Notation bandwidth over timemusicopen
  • Notation decode (optical music recognition)musichard
  • Score under-determination (notation lossiness)musichard
  • Brailletactileopen
  • Material encoding (quipu, wampum, tallies)tactileopen
  • Machine decoding of animal signalsnon-humanopen
  • Bioacoustic channelnon-humanopen
  • Cross-species representation transfernon-humanopen

phonological

  • Duality of patterningamodalopen
  • Phoneme inventory sizespeechopen
  • Sound-symbolism strengthspeechhard
  • Speech ratespeechhard
  • Information density per syllablespeechproxy
  • Syllable inventory sizespeechdone
  • Grapheme-phoneme entropywritingopen
  • Orthographic depthwritinghard
  • Sign phonology (sublexical units)signopen
  • Melodic information densitymusichard
  • Animal-signal entropynon-humanhard

morphological

  • Morphological packing ceilingamodalopen
  • Mean word lengthwritingproxy
  • Morphemes per wordwritingproxy
  • Morphological typologywritingdone
  • Classifier predicatessignopen
  • Simultaneous morphologysignopen
  • Coda combinatoriality (sperm whales)non-humanopen

lexical

  • Iconicity degreeamodalhard
  • Lexical minimalismamodalopen
  • Counting ceiling (one-two-many)speechopen
  • Function-word ratiowritinghard
  • Lexical densitywritinghard
  • Moving-average TTR (length-stable)writingdone
  • Polysemy loadwritingopen
  • Positional encoding (representational length)writinghard
  • Type-token ratiowritingdone
  • Alternate sign lingua francasignopen
  • Fingerspellingsignopen
  • Emblems (conventional gestures)gestureopen
  • Logographic informationiconographicopen
  • Numeral-system typeiconographichard
  • Zipf's law in animal signalsnon-humanhard

syntactic

  • Recursion as an affordanceamodalopen
  • Mean sentence lengthwritingproxy
  • Prosodic-syntactic overlay (cantillation)writingopen
  • Prosodic vs syntactic punctuationwritingopen
  • Structural ambiguitywritingopen
  • Syntactic complexitywritinghard
  • Emergence of grammarsignopen
  • Spatial grammarsignopen
  • Non-manual grammar (brow/head as syntax)facialopen
  • Musical syntax (tonal hierarchy)musicopen
  • Mathematical notationiconographicopen
  • Visual narrative grammariconographicopen
  • Protactile grammartactileopen
  • Call combinatoriality (primate proto-syntax)non-humanopen
  • Phonological syntax (birdsong)non-humanopen

discourse

  • High- vs low-context encodingamodalopen
  • Joint attentionamodalopen
  • Multi-channel overlay (one mark, many channels)amodalopen
  • Reading mode (oral vs silent)amodalopen
  • Cohesion (reference, connectives)writingopen
  • Connective densitywritinghard
  • Punctuation profilewritingdone
  • Beat gesturesgestureopen
  • Gesture as production-internalgestureopen
  • Eye gaze (turn-taking)facialopen
  • Loudness and emphasisparalinguisticopen
  • Prosodic structure (focus, phrasing)paralinguistichard
  • Emoji as paralanguageiconographicopen
  • Song cultural transmissionnon-humanopen

rhetorical

  • Examples and analogyamodalopen
  • Redundancyamodalopen
  • Argument structurewritingopen
  • Given-new orderingwritingopen
  • Hedging and stancewritingopen
  • Mathematical notation symbolismwritingopen

semantic-pragmatic

  • Archetypal universality (contested)amodalopen
  • Pre-linguistic core knowledgeamodalopen
  • Cross-cultural decipherabilityamodalhard
  • Decipherment validation gapamodalopen
  • Deixisamodalopen
  • Conversational implicatureamodalopen
  • Innate signal recognitionamodalopen
  • No-shared-code messageamodalopen
  • Presuppositionamodalopen
  • Proposition countamodalhard
  • Sign type (icon / index / symbol)amodalopen
  • Zero as a numberamodalopen
  • Speech information rate (~39 bits/sec)speechhard
  • Cross-lingual embedding alignmentwritingdone
  • Paralinguistic text substitutionwritingopen
  • Typographic connotationwritingopen
  • Sign language information ratesignopen
  • Prelinguistic pointinggestureopen
  • Co-speech gesture (motion/space semantics)gestureopen
  • Gesture in great apes (comparative)gestureopen
  • Facial affect signallingfacialhard
  • Facial-affect developmentfacialopen
  • Facial affect in primates (comparative)facialopen
  • Facial-affect universality (contested)facialopen
  • Neonatal imitation (contested)facialopen
  • Social referencingfacialopen
  • Tone of voice (vocal affect)paralinguisticopen
  • Musical affectmusicopen
  • Displaced reference (waggle dance)non-humanopen
  • Referential alarm callsnon-humanopen

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lingbench · companion: facet-map.html (stack matrix)